100 Important Points
100 Important Points
2. Occulocardiac reflex----dec Heart rate due to compression of eyeball
3. MMR….Maternal mortality RATIO
No. of maternal deaths/ 100,000 live births
4. IMR…. Infant mortality RATE
No. of deaths of children < 1 yr age/ 1000 live births
5. UV rays injury depends upon duration
6. Aromatic amines cause--- transitional cell CA
7. Arsenic and vinyl chloride both cause angiosarcoma…..if farmer mention in the questions select Arsenic
because its present in pesticides
8. Vocal nodule most likely represents---hyperplasia
9. Vocal nodule least likely represents---atrophy
10. Steps in recruitment of leukocyte n involved molecules
a. margination
b. pavementing
c. rolling--- selectins
d. adhesion---integrins
e. transmigration----platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule on both leukocytes and endothelium
11. Malignancies associated with EBV infection
A. Burkitt lymphoma
B. Hodgkin lymphoma
C. Nasopharyngeal CA
D. Primary CNS lymphoma
12. Myelination of peripheral nerves begin at beginning of 4th month
13. Myelination of CNS begins at middle of 4th month
14. Morphine poisoning treatment---- Naloxone
15. Treatment of morphine addiction---- Methadone
16. Last mediator of endotoxic shock is IL-6
17. Following structures present in Dermis
A. Fibroblasts
B. Macrophages
C. Mast cells
D. Reticulocytes
18. How will you differentiate between iron def anemia and anemia of chronic disease
Ans : TIBC
19. Microcytic anemia with high ferritin and low TIBC----Anemia of chronic disease
20. Microcytic anemia with high serum iron levels---- Sideroblastic Anemia
21. Villous atrophy seen in all of these
A. Celiac disease
B. Whipples disease
C. Tropical sprue
D. Hypogammagloubulinemia
E. AIDS enteropathy
F. Giardiasis
G. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
H. Dermatitis Herpitiformis
22. Types of Collagen and their functions
Type 1----strongest, bones, skin, tendon, fascia, cornea, teeth, mature scars
Type 2----little bit less strength than type 1, cartilage, vitreous humour, nucleuos pulposis
Type 3---- Even weaker, Granulation tissue, embryonic tissue, uterus, blood vessels and keloids
Type 4----weakest, only in basement membrane
Type 5----Type V collagen is found in tissues containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the assembly
of heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen. Mutations in this gene are associated with
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types I and II
23.The most common secondary infection in a case of influenza in elderly person is due to Klebsiella
pneumonia
24. Cause of breast atrophy in adults/post-menopausal-----estrogen deficiency
25. Cause of breast atrophy in young females-----estrogen + progesterone deficiency
26. Dystrophic calcification is present in chronic pancreatitis not acute pancreatitis
27. Most common feature of autoimmune disease-----hematological changes
28. In berry aneurysm tunica media is absent
29. SCIDS----lymphopenia and low Ig levels, severe infections in early life, failure to thrive, die within 01 yr age
if untreated
30. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome----Eczema, Thrombocytopena, immunodeficiency leading to recurrent infections
31. Max water + electrolyte absorption---- jejunum
32. Max long chain fatty acid absorption----jejunum
33. Max short chain fatty acid absorption---- colon
34.bile salts + Vit B12 absorption------terminal ileum
35. Terminal ileum resection causes---- inc water content of faeces
36. after ileostomy----inc water content of faeces
37.Regarding Internal capsule
Anterior limb----- sensory fibers (thalamic for proprioception)
Anterior 2/3rd of posterior limb ----- motor fibers from limbs
Posterior 1/3rd of posterior limb------ sensory fibers from limbs
Genu----- corticobulbar fibers to tongue pharynx and larynx
38.Insensible water losses
From skin-----300-400
From Resp Tract---300-400
Total-----700-800
39. Confirmatory test for AIDS
Upto 18 months-----PCR
>18 months------Western blot
40.Best index of protein utilization in body---- urinary nitrogen content
41.In osteoporosis there is normal PTH
42. Most important component of defecation---- Anorectal reflex
43. DOC Travellers diarrhea----Diphenoxylate
44.1% permethrin for---- pediculosis pubis
45. 5% permethrin for----- Sarcoptes scabeii
46. Immediate response to cold--- catecholamines
47. most potent response to cold---- shivering
48. CSF
A. Ultrafiltrate of plasma
B. Cushion like effect
B>>>>A
49. eversion of ankle joint painful----Deltoid ligament damaged
50. inversion of ankle joint painful---- lateral ligament damaged
51. At birth two arteries and left umbilical vein is present
52. in COPD---- inc lung compliance
53. Exophthalmos is due to lymphocytic infiltration
54. uvula deviated to left…nerve damaged---- right vagus
55. Blood supply of head of femur
Children----obturator artery
Adults---- Retinacular arteries
56. During muscle contraction…. A band does not shorten
57. Doc pulmonary anthrax----ciprofloxacin
58. half life of insulin--- 5 min
59. Shortest half life-----GnRH>>>Epinephrine>>rest
60. DOC for cryptosporidium---Nitazoxanide
61. Chemotactic Factors
PAF---- eosinophils
PDGF------ Neutrophils and Macrophages
TGF-beta----- Macrophages and Fibroblasts
Fibronectin---- Fibroblasts and Endothelial cells
62. Histamine is released from Mast cells, Basophils and Platelets
63. Serotonin is derived from Platelets
64. Thromboxane A2 causes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Source : Platelets
65. Prostacyclin (PGI2) causes vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation
66. Slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis--- LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
67. C5b-9 is a lytic agent for bacteria and other cells
68. In anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome aPTT is prolonged. This is a paradoxical abnormality. Its an artifact
because aPTT is prolonged in hemorrhagic disorders whereas APS is a thrombotic disorder
69. Anti-cardiolipin antibody which is seen in SLE and APS can cause a false positive test for syphilis
70. Strawberry tongue is seen in Scarlet fever and Kawasaki disease
71. Type 1 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
--not immune mediated
--occurs within a day of starting heparin
--not a contra-indication of heparin therapy
72. Type 2 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
--antibody-mediated
--occurs 5-10 days after starting heparin
--No. of platelets less than 50% of their baseline value
--occurs in approx 1% of heparinized patients
--GOLD STANDARD TEST------- SEROTONIN RELEASE ASSAY
--further heparin treatment is contraindicated
73. DOC for Nocardia---Sulfonamides
DOC for Actinomyces—Penicillin
Remember mnemonic SNAP…. Sulfonamides for Nocardia and for Actinomyces, Penicllin
74. Only bacteria whose cell membrane has cholesterol--- Mycoplasma pneumonia
75. Rickettsia typhi is transmitted by a flea
Rickettsia rickettsi is transmitted by dog tick
76. Romana Sign--- Unilateral peri-orbital edema characteristic of Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
77. Anti-kell antibody is the next most common immune red cell antibody after ABO and Rh system
78. Lipoproteins are secreted into---- space of disse
79. Fibroblasts secrete amorphous extracellular material
80. Middle ear floor overlies the carotid canal
81. Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus----lesser occipital nerve and greater auricular nerve
82. Black eye is due to accumulation of blood in layer no. 04
83. Signs of Zinc Deficiency
-Dec wound healing
-Parotid enlargement
-Splenomegaly
-Dec male fertility
-Alopecia
-Scaly Dermatitis
84. Drugs causing gynecomastia
-Cemitidine
-Digoxin
-Griseofulvin
-Estrogens
-spironolactone
85. Dopamine half life is 2min and time to reach steady state is 8-9 minutes because it takes 4-5 half lives to
reach steady state
86. DOC tapeworm infestation----niclosamide
87. Patient dehydrated..treatment--- 5% D/W
88. Patient severely dehydrated…treatment---- 0.9% N/S
89. Umbilical artery PO2---30 mmhg
90. O2 sat of blood leaving placenta---80%
91. Poison ivy causes Type 1,2 and 4 hypersensitivities
92. -Most common organism causing peritonitis---- E.coli
-Most common organism causing pyogenic peritonitis---bacteroides
-Most common organism causing peritonitis post-operative/ after gynecological infection----bacteroides
93. -Germ cells derived from----endoderm
-Primordial germ cells derived from----- yolk sac wall
94. -Most important support of uterus/uterine cervix----- Transverse ' cervical ligament( cardinal ligament)
-Dynamic support of uterus----- pelvic diaphragm
95. Perineal region dermatome is s2-s3
96. One walks on L5 and S1 and sits on S3
97. QRS coincides with c wave of JVP
98. Hypothyroidism is associated with hyperprolactinemia ' ( dec T3,T4-->inc TRH--->stimulates prolactin
production)
99. DOC for gas gangrene---- penicillin
100. Pregnancy and RA are the most common causes of carpal tunnel syndrome
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