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Nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome


āĻ˛েāĻ–া Nephrotic syndrome āĻ¨িā§Ÿে। āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻšাāĻœাāĻ° āĻ–াāĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ে। āĻŸাāĻ‡āĻĒেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻ¯া āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ¸্āĻŦāĻ˛্āĻĒāĻ¤াā§Ÿ āĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¨ি। āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ে āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻĻেāĻš āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ āĻœেāĻ¨ে āĻ¨িāĻ¨ 
.
āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ¤ ā§Š āĻŸি NOTE āĻāĻ•āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĒোāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°া- āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻĒোāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻŸি āĻŦā§œ।
āĻāĻ¤ো āĻŦā§œ āĻĒোāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻĒā§œāĻ¤ে āĻ¨া āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ˛ে āĻ•āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ˛িংāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§Š āĻ–āĻ¨্āĻĄে āĻĒā§œāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨।
āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻ¸াāĻœাāĻ¨ো āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ°। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ°েāĻĢাāĻ°েāĻ¨্āĻ¸ āĻĄ āĻ¨াāĻœীāĻŦ āĻ˛েāĻ•āĻšাāĻ°, āĻ˛েāĻ•āĻšুāĻ°িāĻ“ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āĻ¯াāĻĨোāĻŽা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ¨েāĻ“ā§Ÿা
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻ•িāĻĄোāĻ¨ী āĻ¤ে āĻŽোāĻŸ ā§¨.ā§¨.ā§Ģ āĻŽিāĻ˛িā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻ¨েāĻĢ্āĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ে, āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›ে
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো filtration āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে।
āĻ›āĻŦিāĻŸা āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻĻেāĻ–ি- āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ¨ীāĻšে āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ি āĻāĻ‡ structure āĻŸি
.
Affarent and effarent arteriol, āĻāĻ° āĻ¨ীāĻšে endothelium āĻāĻ° āĻ¨ীāĻšে glomerular basement membrane (G.B.M.) āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨ীāĻšে āĻŦ্āĻ¯োāĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¸ āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ¸ুāĻ˛ āĻ Podocyte (āĻ­িāĻ¸েāĻ°াāĻ˛ āĻāĻĒিāĻĨেāĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻŽ) āĻ†āĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ¯াāĻ°াāĻ‡āĻŸাāĻ˛ āĻāĻĒিāĻĨেāĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻŽ
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĢিāĻ˛্āĻŸাāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¨ীāĻšে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸্āĻ¤ে āĻšā§Ÿ?
ā§§) āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻĒিāĻ˛াāĻ°ি āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻেāĻ° pore (20-30 nanometer)
ā§¨) podocyte āĻ slit (70-100 nanometer)
ā§Š) āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻĒিāĻ˛াāĻ°ি, GBM āĻŦা podocyte āĻ āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ¨েāĻ—েāĻŸিāĻ­ āĻšাāĻ°্āĻœ
āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ¸āĻŦāĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ›োāĻŸ pore āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ¤েāĻ‡ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻŽিāĻ¨িāĻŽাāĻŽ 20 nanometer āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।
albumin āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻœেāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ›োāĻŸ।
āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ˛ে albumin āĻāĻ‡ pore āĻ­েāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ে urine āĻ āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।
āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¨া। āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨? āĻāĻ˛্āĻŦুāĻŽিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ—েāĻŸিāĻ­ āĻšাāĻ°্āĻœ āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ—েāĻŸিāĻ­ āĻšাāĻ°্āĻœ
* minimal change disease āĻ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨েāĻ—েāĻŸিāĻ­ āĻšাāĻ°্āĻœ (āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ āĻĨাāĻ•া) neutral āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।
.
.
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ•েāĻ¸ āĻ¸িāĻ¨াāĻ°িāĻ“ āĻ¨েāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¯াāĻ•
.
ā§Š āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ।
ā§§āĻŽ āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ° āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ে āĻ‡āĻž্āĻœুāĻ°ি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে- āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ•āĻŽ। āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ˛াāĻŽ + injury
āĻāĻ¤ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ pore āĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻŦā§œ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻŦে āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻšাāĻ°্āĻœ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ“ Albumin loose āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে
āĻ•েāĻ¨āĻ¨া āĻāĻ˛্āĻŦুāĻŽিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻœ āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ›োāĻŸ (āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŦিāĻ‰āĻ˛িāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻĢিāĻŦ্āĻ°িāĻ¨োāĻœেāĻ¨ āĻĨেāĻ•ে)
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াāĻŦে selective proteinuria
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ• āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻāĻ° ++ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻœুāĻ°ি āĻšāĻ˛
āĻāĻ¤ে pore āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻœ āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦā§œ āĻšāĻ˛ (āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻœুāĻ°িāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ barrier āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤িāĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ে pore āĻŦā§œ āĻšāĻ˛)
āĻāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ‡ albumin pass āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ো urine āĻ। āĻ¸াāĻĨে globulin āĻ“ āĻ¯াāĻŦে
āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াāĻŦে non selective proteinuria
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ ā§Šā§Ÿ āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ° āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻœুāĻ°ি āĻšāĻ˛- āĻ§āĻ°āĻ˛াāĻŽ +++ injury
āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি albumin pass āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ে, āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦেāĻļি globulin pass āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ো
āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻāĻ‡ protein loose āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ে āĻĻিāĻ¨ে 3.5 gm/day āĻāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦেāĻļি
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ liver āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°োāĻŸিāĻ¨ āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻŦাā§œিā§ŸেāĻ“ āĻāĻŸা compansate āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া
āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ liver 10-12 gm/day āĻšাāĻ°ে protein āĻŦাāĻ¨াā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ•ে 3.5+gm/day loss āĻšā§Ÿ
āĻ¸াāĻĨে proximal convoluted tubule āĻŦেāĻļ āĻŦā§œ āĻāĻŽাāĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻŸ protein āĻ–েā§Ÿে āĻĢেāĻ˛ে-
āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°িāĻ¨ āĻ 3.5+gm/day loss āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ে āĻāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি circulation āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¯া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ­াāĻŦেāĻ‡ liver āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻ˛ āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া
[āĻāĻ‡āĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻ—্āĻ°āĻĒ āĻ āĻļেā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া edema āĻāĻ° āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻŸা āĻĒā§œুāĻ¨, āĻ¨া āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŦুāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšā§ŸāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻšāĻŦে]
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ protein circulation āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻ†āĻ° fluid interstitium āĻĨেāĻ•ে capillaries āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ• āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ো āĻ¨া- āĻāĻ¤ে edema form āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻ‡ edema āĻ¸াāĻ°া āĻĻেāĻšেāĻ‡ āĻšā§Ÿ- āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸা generalize edema āĻŦা anasarca
*** renal cause āĻ edema āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻšোāĻ–েāĻ° āĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦা āĻŽুāĻ–ে āĻšā§Ÿ- āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ—াāĻ¤ āĻŸিāĻ¸্āĻ¯ু āĻ˛ুāĻœ- āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ¸āĻšāĻœেāĻ‡ edema fluid āĻœāĻŽে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।
āĻāĻ‡ edema pitting āĻ¨া non pitting?
[āĻāĻ‡āĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻļেā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া edema āĻāĻ° āĻ¨োāĻŸ āĻĻেāĻ–ুāĻ¨]
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ ā§§āĻŽ mechanism āĻ edema āĻšāĻ˛
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ edema āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ vessel āĻ fluid āĻ•āĻŽে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ- āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻ‡ fluid āĻ‡ āĻ¤ো interstitium āĻ āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ে
āĻĢāĻ˛ে Renin Secretion āĻŦাā§œāĻŦে āĻ¯া angiotensin mechanism āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে vesoconstriction āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে- āĻ¯া āĻ†āĻ°ো edema āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে
āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ°
āĻāĻ‡ edema āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ে vessel āĻ fluid āĻ•āĻŽে āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ে
āĻĢāĻ˛ে aldosteron release āĻšā§Ÿে Na āĻ“ water reabsoption āĻŦাā§œাāĻŦে
āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦেāĻļি edema āĻšāĻŦে
āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° edema āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ে blood osmolarity āĻŦাā§œāĻŦে āĻ¯া brain āĻ hypothalamus āĻ•ে stimulate āĻ•āĻ°ে ADH secration āĻŦাā§œাāĻŦে- āĻāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ°ো water retention āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦেāĻļি edema āĻšāĻŦে
āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে ā§§ āĻŸা āĻŽেāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻ°ো ā§Š āĻŸা āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ে edema āĻšā§Ÿে āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›ে
āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° liver āĻšাāĻ‡āĻŦে protein āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻŦাā§œাāĻ¤ে- āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻŦাā§œাāĻ¤ে
āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻšāĻ˛ liver āĻ protein āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে lipoprotein āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšā§Ÿ
āĻāĻ¤ে LDL,VLDL, TG āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦাā§œে āĻ†āĻ° HDL āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ•āĻŽে। āĻāĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াāĻŦে Hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে
āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে, protein loose (+3.5 gm/day), āĻ˛িāĻĒিāĻĄ āĻŦেā§œে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦা edema āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ‡ Nephrotic syndrome
pore āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¯ে āĻļুāĻ§ু albumin pass āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¤া āĻ¨া। āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻœেāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ু protein āĻ“ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻŦে
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ Transferrin
āĻāĻŸা urine āĻ pass āĻšāĻŦাāĻ° āĻšāĻ¨্āĻ¯ Iron Deficiency Anemia āĻšāĻŦে
āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ¨ Nephrotic syndrome āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু anti-thrombin III āĻ“ urine āĻ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻŦে- āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° body thrombotic tendency āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻŦে
āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° Nephrotic syndrome āĻ complement āĻ“ āĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻĻেāĻš immune compromise āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻŦে
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Ref. Dr Najeeb Hand Note. Pathoma, Lecturio
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒোāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ‡ āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻāĻŸা āĻ­াāĻŦāĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻ¨া- āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ‡ "āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻœাāĻšাāĻœ"
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āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻĒোāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻ°িāĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻĒ- āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ˛ে āĻ¸্āĻ•িāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨
āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻ pore, slit āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›িāĻ˛। pore 20-30 nm āĻ†āĻ° slit 70-100 nm āĻĨাāĻ•াā§Ÿ āĻāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ›োāĻŸ molecule āĻ‡ āĻ•েāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¤ো।
āĻāĻ˛āĻŦুāĻŽিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻĨাāĻ•াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ“ āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ো āĻ¨া āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛āĻŦুāĻŽিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ—েāĻŸিāĻ­ āĻšাāĻ°্āĻœ āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ¨েāĻ—েāĻŸিāĻ­ āĻšাāĻ°্āĻœ
āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻœুāĻ°ি āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¨াāĻ¨া āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻšāĻš্āĻ›িāĻ˛- āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦে।
āĻ•িāĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ?
āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ injury āĻšāĻ˛- āĻāĻ¤ে āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ pore āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšāĻ˛- āĻ¯া āĻĻিā§Ÿে albumin pass āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ো āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু pore āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻœ āĻāĻ¤ো āĻŦā§œ āĻ¨া āĻ¯া āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŦিāĻ‰āĻ˛িāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে
āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž selective proteinuria
āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻœুāĻ°ি āĻšāĻ˛-
pore āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦā§œ āĻšāĻ˛
āĻāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ˛্āĻŦুāĻŽিāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŦিāĻ‰āĻ˛িāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ো - āĻāĻŸা āĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ non selective proteinuria
āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°োāĻŸিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ 3.5 gm/day āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•াā§Ÿ āĻāĻŸাāĻ•ে
non-selective proteinuria in sub-nephrotic range āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াāĻŦে
āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦেāĻļি injury āĻšāĻ˛- āĻāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻĒ্āĻ°োāĻŸিāĻ¨ āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ urine āĻ
āĻāĻŸা āĻšāĻ˛ non-selective or selective proteinuria in nephrotic range [āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦেāĻļি injury āĻ¤ে āĻŦā§œ āĻŦā§œ pore āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšā§Ÿ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ•। āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ• pore āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻœেāĻ°... āĻ¤াāĻ‡ selective or non-selective ]
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ā§Š āĻŸা āĻ‡āĻ­েāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻĒাāĻš্āĻ›িāĻ˛াāĻŽ-
ā§§) Heavy proteinuria [āĻ¸াāĻĨে Hyperlipidemia and hyperlipideuria]
ā§¨) Hypoproteinemia
ā§Š) Generalized edema [anasarca] [1st in face and orbital region]
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦেāĻļি Glomeru;ar injury āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ—েāĻ˛ো āĻāĻ¤ে pore āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻœ āĻŦā§œ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ†āĻ° number āĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻ¤ে non selective proteinuria in nephrotic range āĻšāĻ˛
āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ° severe inflammatory reaction āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻ° urine āĻ RBC pass āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻ•āĻ°ে
āĻāĻ‡ RBC āĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻ¨ shape āĻāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¨া- āĻŦāĻ°ং star shaped āĻšā§Ÿ - āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻāĻŸা āĻĻেāĻ–েāĻ‡ āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻāĻ‡ hematuria glomerular origin, lower urinary tract injury āĻ¨া
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ RBC āĻāĻ•া āĻāĻ•া āĻ¸āĻŦāĻŸাāĻ‡ urine āĻ āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨া- āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŸা āĻœāĻŽাāĻŸ āĻŦাāĻ§ে। āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ু protein āĻāĻ‡ RBC āĻ—ুāĻ˛াāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸাāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻœāĻŽাāĻŸ āĻŦাāĻ§াā§Ÿ āĻĻেā§Ÿ।
āĻ¯ে āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ—াā§Ÿ āĻāĻ‡ āĻœāĻŽাāĻŸ āĻŸা āĻŦাāĻ§ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒিāĻ›āĻ¨ āĻĨেāĻ•ে glomerular filtrate āĻāĻ¸ে āĻ§াāĻ•্āĻ•া āĻĻেā§Ÿ- āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻœāĻŽাāĻŸ āĻŦাāĻ§া RBC āĻāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ urine āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿ
āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু RBC āĻ•āĻ¤āĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻœāĻŽাāĻŸ āĻŦাāĻ§ে- āĻāĻĻেāĻ° shape āĻšā§Ÿ tubule āĻāĻ° shape āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ‡। āĻāĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ে āĻāĻĻেāĻ° RBC cast āĻŦāĻ˛ে (cast= āĻ›াঁāĻš)
āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›ি āĻāĻ‡āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ inflammatory reaction āĻšā§Ÿ- inflammatory cells āĻ†āĻ¸ে āĻ¯াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ে glomeruli āĻĻিā§Ÿে blood flow āĻ•āĻŽে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ (āĻŦাāĻ§া āĻĒাā§Ÿ) āĻĢāĻ˛ে GFR āĻ•āĻŽāĻ¤ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­াāĻŦে urine formation 400ml/day āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ oliguria
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ° RBC cast āĻ†āĻ›ে- oliguria āĻ†āĻ›ে। āĻ¤াāĻ° GFR āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে- āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° urea āĻ†āĻ° creatinine blood āĻ appear āĻ•āĻ°ে
āĻāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে azotemia [āĻāĻ‡ waste product urine āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ•্āĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻšāĻ“াā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ˛াāĻĄ āĻ āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ]
āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ° GFR āĻ•āĻŽে āĻ—েāĻ›ে- Renin-angiotensin-aldesteron mechanism āĻšাāĻ˛ু āĻšā§Ÿ- āĻāĻ‡ angiotensin II āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻļāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻļাāĻ˛ি vasoconstrictor
āĻāĻ°āĻĢāĻ˛ে Hypertension develop āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¯াāĻŦে
āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ¯ে āĻ°োāĻ—ী āĻ†āĻ›ে- āĻ¤াāĻ°
Hypertension āĻ†āĻ›ে
hematuria āĻ†āĻ›ে [dysmorphic RBC+ RBC cast]
āĻ†āĻ° oliguria and azotemia
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ‡ āĻšāĻ˛ nephritic syndrome
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿে āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ—ুāĻ˛াā§Ÿ āĻĨাāĻ•া ā§Š āĻŸা āĻ‡āĻ­েāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ“ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে- āĻ¯āĻĨা- ā§§) Heavy proteinuria 2) Hypoproteinemia 3) Generalize edema
āĻāĻ‡āĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ¤ mild to moderate glomerular injury short and long time āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ•ি āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¸েāĻŸা āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦো āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻļেāĻˇে āĻĒুāĻ°াāĻŸা āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻে āĻ°িāĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦো
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āĻšাāĻœাāĻ° āĻ–াāĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ে āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ে- āĻ•োāĻĨাāĻ“ āĻœāĻ°ুāĻ°ি āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸ āĻ“ āĻ¸্āĻ•িāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ—িā§ŸেāĻ›ি āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ°াāĻ–āĻ¤ে। āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ¤ MBBS level āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŸা āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ•āĻ¨্āĻ¸েāĻĒ্āĻŸ āĻ•্āĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে MD āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻ°া āĻ“ āĻĒā§œāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨
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āĻāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°েāĻ¨- āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ (āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ¨াāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ° ā§Ģ) - āĻ¯াāĻ° mild to moderate injury
āĻ¯āĻĨাāĻ°িāĻ¤ি āĻ¤াāĻ° GBM āĻ pore āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ¸েāĻ‡ pore āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĻ্āĻ°ুāĻ¤ āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে- [āĻāĻ˛āĻŦুāĻŽিāĻ¨, āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŦিāĻ‰āĻ˛িāĻ¨, RBC, RBC Cast] āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšুāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ fibrin molecule āĻ“ āĻĒাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦে āĻ¯া āĻ­িāĻ¸েāĻ°াāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ¯াāĻ°াāĻ‡āĻŸাāĻ˛ āĻāĻĒিāĻĨেāĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻŽ āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻে āĻœāĻŽা āĻšāĻŦে
āĻāĻ‡ fibrin molecule āĻœāĻŽে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ growth factor release āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¯া epithelial āĻ•ে proliferate āĻ•āĻ°াāĻŦে - āĻāĻ‡ epithelial āĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ¸ুāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ°োāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻিāĻŦে
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ proximal convoluted tubule āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ে Bowmans capsule āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨- āĻ¯া āĻĒুāĻ°াāĻŸা āĻŦ্āĻ˛āĻ• āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ—েāĻ›ে- āĻĻেāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻ•েāĻŽāĻ¨? āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŸা āĻšাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ¨া? Red crescent āĻāĻ° āĻšাঁāĻĻ, āĻāĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ে āĻāĻ•ে crescent glomerulopathy or crescent glomerulonephritis āĻŦāĻ˛ে
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻœāĻ¨াāĻŦ āĻ•িāĻĄāĻ¨ী āĻĻ্āĻ°ুāĻ¤ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤া āĻšাāĻ°াāĻ¤ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ (āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ¨াāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ° ā§Ē) azotemia āĻšāĻ‡āĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ো severe injury (āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻŸা āĻĨেāĻ•ে) āĻāĻ¤ে āĻ•িāĻĄāĻ¨ী āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤া āĻšাāĻ°াāĻŦে āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻĢিāĻ˛্āĻŸাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া āĻāĻ¤ে-
K ion āĻŦাā§œāĻŦে āĻ¯া arrhythmia āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে, uremic pericarditis, uremic frost, uremic central nervous system manifestation etc āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে। āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž uremia āĻ°িāĻ˛েāĻŸেāĻĄ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻšāĻŦে due to renal failure
[Note
Azotemia: Biochemistry disturbed but no S/S of renal failure
Uremia: Biochemistry disturbed + S/S of acute renal failure]

[cute renal failure āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸা āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ‡ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž mild to moderate glomerular injury āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ে]
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ ā§Ģ āĻ¨াāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ° āĻĒেāĻļেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻ˜āĻ°ে āĻĢেāĻ˛ে āĻ°াāĻ–া āĻšāĻ˛- āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻŸ্āĻ°িāĻŸ্āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻĻিāĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻ¨া। āĻŦা āĻĄাā§ŸāĻ—āĻ¨োāĻ¸ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¨া- āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে???
āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ে mild to moderate glomerular injury āĻšāĻ˛ে inflammatory cells āĻ—ুāĻ˛া growth factor āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°ে [āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু inflammation āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে- āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻœাāĻ¨āĻ¤ে inflammation āĻĻেāĻ–ুāĻ¨]
Long Term Inflammation -> growth factor specially for proliferation and activation of fibroblast and fibroclast
āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻ āĻ•োāĻ˛াāĻœেāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻĄিāĻĒোāĻœিāĻļāĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ-
āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻĒুāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻ˛িāĻĄ āĻšā§Ÿ- āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŸিāĻ‰āĻŦুāĻ˛ āĻ“ atonic āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ
Nephrologist āĻ°া āĻāĻŸা āĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨- Hyalinized kidney/glomeruli
āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻ°ুāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻ•োāĻ˛াāĻœেāĻ¨ āĻ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¤ে āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ‡ āĻĢিāĻ˛āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¨া- āĻĢāĻ˛ে Chronic Renal Failure āĻšāĻŦে (mild to moderate injury for long time)
IN SHORT:
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Pt. 1
+ injury -> small pore in glomeruli -> selective proteinurea (albuminerua)
.
pt. 2
.
++ injury āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸু āĻŦেāĻļি -> non selective proteinurea in sub nephrotic range
[non selective: both albumin and globulin]
[sub nephrotic range: less then 3.5 gm/day through urine]
.
pt. 3
.
+++ injury -> heavy proteinurea (selective or non selective) in Nephrotic range -> symptom pyramid [Heavy proteinurea + Hypoprotenimia + G. edema]
[glomerular injury āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা pore āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ• āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻœে āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻļুāĻ§ু albumin āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšāĻŦে āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু 3.5 gm/day āĻāĻ° āĻŦেāĻļি āĻšাāĻ°ে। āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ selective āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ• pore āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦā§œ āĻŦā§œ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে albumin and globulin āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ‡ āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ non-selective]
.
pt. 4
.
++++ injury -> āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু injury āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ–াāĻ°াāĻĒ- āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻĒিāĻ°াāĻŽিāĻĄ āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸা āĻĒিāĻ°াāĻŽিāĻĄ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦে। āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž [Heavy proteinurea + Hypoprotenimia + G. edema] + [Hematuria, dysmorphic RBC, cast + HTN + Azotemia, oligourea]
.
=> pt. 5
.
moderate to severe injury for short time -> severe injury, inflammation, inflammatory cells ->fibrin molecule accumulates -> epithelium cells growth and block glomerulus -> crescent glomerulopathy -> acute renal failure
pt.5 with quack doctor
moderate to severe injury -> inflamamtory cells form growth factors for proliferation and activation of fibroblast and fibroclast -> collagen fibers form and block entire nephron -> hyalinized kidney -> chronic renal failure
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Ref. āĻĄ āĻ¨াāĻœীāĻŦ āĻ˛েāĻ•āĻšাāĻ° āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ¨োāĻŸāĻ¸, āĻ˛েāĻ•āĻšুāĻ°িāĻ“, āĻĒ্āĻ¯াāĻĨোāĻŽা āĻŦāĻ‡
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